refactor(data/exchanges): 多子类架构 + 工厂入口

- 每个交易所独立子类：BinanceRestClient extends BaseRestClient
- 统一入口 createRestClient(exchangeId) 工厂函数
- KLINE_INTERVAL_MS 移至 constants.ts
- fetchKlines 签名统一为 (symbol, startTime, limit?, endTime?)
- throttle 限流实际生效
- convertBinanceKline interval 参数化
- 删除 filterConsecutive 死代码
- 更新 run/exchange.ts 和 service/bnkline.ts 调用方

data/exchanges/binance/rest.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+import { MainClient, type Kline as BinanceRestKline } from "binance";
+
+import { logger } from "../../utils/logger";
+import { exchange } from "../../config";
+import { BaseRestClient } from "../base";
+import type { Kline, MarketInfo, KlineInterval } from "../../types";
+
+// ============================================================
+// Binance REST K 线 → 本系统标准化 Kline 转换
+// ============================================================
+
+/**
+ * Binance SDK Kline 元组格式（getKlines / getUIKlines 返回）：
+ *   [0] openTime:         number           — 开盘时间（Unix ms）
+ *   [1] open:             numberInString   — 开盘价
+ *   [2] high:             numberInString   — 最高价
+ *   [3] low:              numberInString   — 最低价
+ *   [4] close:            numberInString   — 收盘价
+ *   [5] volume:           numberInString   — 成交量（base 币种）
+ *   [6] closeTime:        number           — 收盘时间（Unix ms）
+ *   [7] quoteVolume:      numberInString   — 成交额（quote 币种）
+ *   [8] tradeCount:       number           — 成交笔数
+ *   [9] takerBuyBaseVol:  numberInString   — 主动买入成交量
+ *   [10] takerBuyQuoteVol: numberInString  — 主动买入成交额
+ *   [11] ignore:           numberInString  — 忽略字段
+ *
+ * numberInString = string | number，通过 String() 统一转换。
+ *
+ * 参考：node_modules/binance/lib/types/shared.d.ts:85-98
+ */
+function convertBinanceKline(
+    raw: BinanceRestKline,
+    symbol: string,
+    interval: KlineInterval,
+): Kline {
+    const [
+        openTime,
+        open,
+        high,
+        low,
+        close,
+        volume,
+        closeTime,
+        quoteVolume,
+        tradeCount,
+        takerBuyBaseVol,
+        takerBuyQuoteVol,
+        // [11] ignore — 丢弃
+    ] = raw;
+
+    return {
+        exchange: "binance",
+        symbol,
+        interval,
+        openTime,
+        closeTime,
+        open: String(open),
+        high: String(high),
+        low: String(low),
+        close: String(close),
+        volume: String(volume),
+        quoteVolume: String(quoteVolume),
+        takerBuyBaseVol: String(takerBuyBaseVol),
+        takerBuyQuoteVol: String(takerBuyQuoteVol),
+        tradeCount: String(tradeCount),
+        isClosed: true, // REST 返回的 K 线均为已闭合历史数据
+    };
+}
+
+// ============================================================
+// BinanceRestClient
+// ============================================================
+
+export class BinanceRestClient extends BaseRestClient {
+    readonly exchange = "binance";
+
+    private client: MainClient;
+
+    constructor() {
+        super();
+        this.client = new MainClient(
+            {
+                api_key: exchange.binance.apiKey,
+                api_secret: exchange.binance.apiSecret,
+            },
+            { timeout: 3000 },
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 拉取 1m K 线并转换为本系统标准化 Kline。
+     *
+     * Binance 硬限制单次最多 1000 条，超限自动裁切。
+     * 高周期 K 线通过 TimescaleDB 连续聚合视图生成。
+     *
+     * @param symbol    - 交易对（如 BTCUSDT）
+     * @param startTime - 起始时间（Unix ms）
+     * @param limit     - 单次拉取条数，默认取自 config.defaultLimit
+     * @param endTime   - 结束时间（Unix ms），可选
+     */
+    async fetchKlines(
+        symbol: string,
+        startTime: number,
+        limit?: number,
+        endTime?: number,
+    ): Promise<Kline[]> {
+        const effectiveLimit = limit ?? this.config.defaultLimit;
+        // Binance 硬限制：单次最多 1000 条
+        const safeLimit = Math.min(effectiveLimit, 1000);
+
+        // 限流
+        await this.throttle(`${symbol}:1m`);
+
+        const rawKlines = await this.client.getKlines({
+            symbol,
+            interval: "1m",
+            startTime,
+            endTime,
+            limit: safeLimit,
+        });
+
+        logger.debug(
+            { symbol, interval: "1m", startTime, endTime, limit: safeLimit },
+            "[binance] fetchKlines 请求参数",
+        );
+
+        if (!rawKlines || rawKlines.length === 0) {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        // 按 openTime 升序排序（防御性），转换为标准化 Kline
+        return rawKlines
+            .map((k) => convertBinanceKline(k, symbol, "1m"))
+            .sort((a, b) => a.openTime - b.openTime);
+    }
+
+    async fetchMarkets(): Promise<MarketInfo[]> {
+        // TODO: 调用 Binance /exchangeInfo 接口
+        return [];
+    }
+}